Meanwhile, across the European Union, the average share of people facing these conditions was 9.2% in 2024. 

This represents a notable improvement in living standards compared to the previous year, marking a decrease of 1.4 percentage points from 2023.

The geographical analysis reveals significant discrepancies between member states. The highest shares of the population unable to keep their homes warm were observed in Bulgaria and Greece, both recording 19.0%, followed by Lithuania (18.0%) and Spain (17.5%).

By contrast, the lowest rates were identified in Finland (2.7%), followed by Poland and Slovenia, both at 3.3%, while Estonia and Luxembourg reported shares of 3.6%.